My beautiful house now has white lime or something all over the front of it from the Nor'easter, and walking to work, I'm seeing the same thing all over town. One of my neighbors mentioned that she had her bricks sealed recently to prevent this from happening.

Any recommendations to (a) remove the white marks (b) treat the house so that this doesn't happen again?

That white deposit is called "eflourescence". It is a chemical reaction between the akaline material of the brick and the acid rain that falls in this part of the country. It is slowly weakening your bricks! It would NOT be a good idea to completely seal the bricks of your house UNLESS you have a newly constructed building. Old brick structures can develop problems when they are sealed due to the complex interplay of existing chemistry. However, you CAN use certain specialised types of sealers that will block much of the moisture issues and allow the brick to "breathe". The stuff isn't cheap, but it is well worth it- and it really works! PM me if you want to know more and to source the stuff.

__________________
Yours aye,
The MacNapier