North Philadelphia is a section of
Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, in the
United States. It is immediately north of
Center City. Though the full extent of the region is somewhat vague, "North Philadelphia" is generally regarded as everything north of either Vine Street or Spring Garden Street, between
Northwest Philadelphia and
Northeast Philadelphia. The city government views this sprawling chunk of Philadelphia more precisely as three smaller districts, drawn up by the Redevelopment Authority in 1964. These regions are (from north to south)
East &
West Oak Lane/
Olney, Upper North Philadelphia, and Lower North Philadelphia.
In past decades, North Philadelphia was hit hard by
white flight and economic
decline. The majority of North Philadelphia's residents are poor
African American and
Hispanic American. Despite its wealth of history, schools, cultural sites, parkland, architecture, and other holdovers from more prosperous times, high
crime and unfettered
poverty have earned North Philadelphia a reputation as a
slum. At the same time, some would counter that it is far more diverse an area, and thus too large to stereotype. From the
Puerto Rican communities in
Hunting Park,
West Kensington, and
Fairhill to the
middle class African American neighborhoods around the
Oak Lanes to the
poor ghettos that typify much of its core to newly-
gentrifying Brewerytown, a large portion of Philadelphians call this section home. Recent developments have given North Philadelphia a brighter future, as several neighborhoods begin to overcome some of the aforementioned problems.
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During the 40s and 50s, much of the area was
racially integrated, although smaller streets were usually completely black or white. Whites began to move out slowly at first in the late 1940s as these residents became more affluent and
Northeast Philadelphia began to develop new housing with lawns and conveniences such as modern plumbing. In most cases African Americans moved into the vacant houses and as this began to increase, true white flight began. Increasingly, people moved out of North Philadelphia not solely to move into newer homes, but to avoid facing decreasing property values and, for some, to avoid the prospect of living in a majority-black neighborhood.
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Furthermore, the
Columbia Avenue race riots of 1964 became iconic for the rising ethnic tensions in the region, and the continued withdrawal of white residents. The riot, which virtually destroyed the central shopping district of North Philadelphia, signaled the beginning of the end for the North's commercial sector. The withering of the American manufacturing sector led to the closing of many of the factories that many northern neighborhoods were centered around and depended on. Increased urban blight and the general decline of Philadelphia in the late 20th century even saw the decline of even many of the strong black communities in North Philadelphia. The legendary
Connie Mack Stadium was closed in favor of the new
Pattison Sports Complex. North Philadelphia Station lost
Amtrak Service, and the
BSL subway line garnered a reputation for violent crime and rape. The great
art deco office buildings and government institutions were mostly abandoned, as were the mansions of the many ruined industrialists.
Drugs,
gangs, educational problems,
police corruption, and other woes common in the
ghettos of America seemed to seal North Philadelphia's fate as a perpetual slum.